Fluid motor



April 13, 1943. vH, c. NETTE ET A1. 2,316,356

FLUID MOTOR F'iled June 6, 1941 6 2 F20' I ,165.4645'e 10 'Pl' @Y 6:@ 60 ir 239W Patented Apr. 13,1943

FLUID MOTOR Henry C. Nette, Rutherford, and Myron L. Taylor, West Englewood, N. J., assgnors to Bendix Aviation Corporation, South Bend, Ind., a corporation of Delaware Application June 6, 1941, serial No. 396,918

6 Claims. (Cl. 1.2199) This invention relates to fluid motors, and more particularly to a hydraulically actuated motor having an oscillating working cycle. l'

It is an object of the present invention to pro y vide a fluid motor wherein the arc of the working stroke may be adjusted for dierent vworking conditions.

It is another object of the present invention to naled at one end in a metallic sleeve valve member 23, which has, as shown more particularly in Fig. '1,- a circumferential groove 24, which is intersected by longitudinally extending grooves 25, and 26 and 26'. Grooves 25 and 25' are .located 60A degrees apart and groove 25' is 120 degrees from groove 26. Grooves 26 and 26 are 60 de'- grees apart, and groove 26' is 120 degrees from groove 25. Sleeve member 23 has a secondcircumferential groove 21 formed therein, with longitudinally extending grooves 28 and 29 intersecting it at positions spaced 180 degrees apart, and groove 28, 60 degrees from grooves 25 and 26', and groove 29, 60 degrees from grooves 25 and 26. These grooves are angularly related in this manner for a reason to be stated later.

As shown more particularly in Fig. 2, chamber` 22 is divided, by means of shaft I6 and partition members 30 and 3|, into two cells 32 and 33.

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the l motor of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the motor taken along line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an end elevational view of a detail shown in section in Fig. 1, taken along the line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the Partitions 38 and 3| are retained in position by means of dowel members 34 and 35, respectively', and cell 32 contains ports 36 and 31 on opposite sides of vane member 20, closely adjacent partitions 38 and 3|. Cell 33 has port members 38 and 39 similarly positioned therein. Chamber 22 contains a liner or bearing plat 48, over which vane 28 is movable in a fluidtight relation. Four channel members or passag'eways 4|, 42, 43 and 44, as shown particulary in Figs. 1 and 6, extend longitudinally througha cylindrical collar portion 45, formed ward end plate of cast aluminum or other in a close, but sliding fit,'with the interior cylindrical wall 2| of a chamber 22. Shaft I6 is jouras an extension of the surface 2| of chamber 22.

Four radially disposed channels or passageways 46, 41, 48 and 49 intersect the channel members 4|, 42, 43 and 44, respectively. As shown in Fig..

l, channel member 46 is in communication With groove 28, and therefore, with circumferential groove 21 of the sleeve valve member 23. Circumferential groove 21, as Will be noted from Fig. 6, is in direct communication at all times with the outlet passageway 50, which is formed in housing member l0. Circumferential groove 24 is at all times in communication with the inlet Ipassageway' 5|, as will be evident from an inthereon with corresponding serrations, are cam members 62 and 63, having cam surfaces 66 and 65 respectively. Annular ring member 53 has three recesses 66, 6l and 68, spaced at intervals of 120 degrees on its periphery. These recesses are adapted to receive certain of the detents 69,

l and ll, as will be later described. Detents 69 and l are angularly spaced by 66 degrees. These detent members are urged radially inwardly by means of leaf springs l2, 13 and 7d, respectively;

In order to control the operation of the motor,.a cut-off valve, having a spindle portion l tted within a bore 16, is provided with a handle member ll. Spindle l5 has two angularly related bores 18 and 19, drilled transversely thereof in the plane of fiuid inlet passageway 5i. Spindle l5 also carries a cam member 86, having two fiat cam surfaces 8| and 82. An inspection of Fig. 4 shows that leaf spring 'iti bears against surface 82 for a function which will be described later.

It will be seen from'Flgs. 1 and 4 that an annular flange 83 is formed integrally with collar portion 45, and extends axially a distance sufcient to embrace both annular plate 53 and disc 60, carrying cam members 62 and 63. From Fig. 4, it will be seen that holes are formed in member 83 for slidably engaging detents 89, 'l0 and l l. As shown, hole il does not contain a detent, but its purpose will be later explained.

Cam members 62 and S3 are not fastened to disc member 66, but are maintained in position by means of an arcuate boss member 88 and the flange portion 83, the inner diameter 'of which is equal to the diameter of annular ring 53, with a small clearance. With end plate I2 removed, cam members 62 and 63 may be removed axially from disc 60, and replaced at any desired points in the periphery of disc 6U. By this construction, the arc of the working stroke of the motor may be adjusted, as will be described later.

The novel motor of the present invention is int'ended principally for use as a drive for a windshield wiper on aircraft. When so used, shaft I6 may be provided with a slot or other type of terminal adapted to be connected to a gear box carrying the windshield wiper blade. Usually, the gear box contains gears for the purpose of increasing the arc of travel of the blade over the arc of travel of the motor shaft. A suitable source of pressure, such as a hydraulic pump, may be connected by conduits (not shown) to the screw-threaded bore 86, which acts as a terminal for inlet passage 5l, and the fluid discharge from the motor may be returned to a sump (not shown) by means of a suitable conduit connected to the screw-threaded bore 85, which is open to the outlet or exhaust passageway 50. In order to prevent the accumulation of hydraulic fluid under high pressure about the springs 55 and 56, and members 53 and 60, relief to the exhaust side of the motor is provided. A small passageway 87 is drilled through the bottom portion of body l0 opening into the exhaustor outlet passageway 56, as shown particularly in Fig. 6.

Figs. 1 and 6 indicate that the motor is shown in its off or locked position. If handle 'l'l is turned counter-clockwise from the position shown in Fig. 1, with cam face 82 of spindle l5 in engagement with spring 14, to the "on position wherein the cam portion 6i of shaft 15 is in engagement with leaf spring 14, and wherein the large bore 'i8 is in communication with inlet passageway 5|, detent 'll will be lifted from its recess 68, permitting normal valve reversal and vane '20 will be free to rotate under pressure of the hydraulic fluid in chamber 22, and the fluid will be exhausted or Withdrawn from chamber 22 and the motor through outlet passageway 50. When vane 26 causes rotation of shaft I6, this rotation will continue until one or the other of cam faces 64 or 65 engages with either of the detents 69 or 16, forcing the detent to be withdrawn from its recess 66 in annular ring 53. Since rotation of shaft i6 stores energy in the springs or 5S, when the restraining detent is disengaged from its recess in annular ring 53, the energy in the springs will rotate sleeve valve 23 with a snap action, now causing the fluid flow through chamber 22 to be reversed. Since the cam members 62 and 63 govern the instant of reversal of sleeve valve 23, then it will be apparent that by placing cam members 62 and G3 in predetermined positions about the periphery of disc 6D, the length of the arc of the windshield wiper blade may be controlled.

In the condition of the motor shown in .the drawing, when fluid under pressure enters through passageway 5l, it circulates throughout circumferential groove 24, and enters chamber 2f.' through grooves 25 and 26 (Fig. '7), one of which is in communication with channels lll and 69, and the other of which is in communication with channels 42 and 41, so that the fluid enters cells 32 and 33 through ports 3l and 38, respectively. During the working stroke that ensues, the spent uid is exhausted through ports 36 and 39, which are in communication with channels l, 46 and 43, d8, respectively. At the end of the working stroke, when the cam member 63 has caused detent 69 to be released, so that sleeve valve 23 is rotated 60 degrees, ports 36 and 39 now become inlet ports to chamber 22, and these ports are in communication with inlet passageway 5i and circumferential groove 24, through grooves 25' and 26. At the same time, ports 31 and 38 now become exhaust or outlet ports, being in communication with passageway 5i)Y and circumferential groove 2l, through grooves 28 and 29, which are in communication with channels 42, il and 44, 49, respectively. The fluid under pressure then forces vane 20 to rotate in the opposite direction, until cam member 62 causes reversal of sleeve valve 23 upon disengagement of the detent 1U.

Since detents 69 and 10 are 60 degrees apart, the provision of grooves 25' and 26' 120 degrees from groovesr25 and 26, respectively, satisfies the condition that two grooves, one in communication with the inlet port of cell 32 and the other in communication with the inlet port of cell 33, are in operation for each 60 degree swing of sleeve valve 23.

Operation of the motor is stopped upon restoration of the handle l1 to the position shown, as this restores cam surface-82 to contact with leaf spring 14, and permits the insertion of detent 1| into the slot member 68. At the same time, the large bore 18 is turned at right angles to inlet passageway 5l, and the small hole or bore 'I9 is turned into alignment with passageway 5I to allow a decreased amount of fluid to continue to fow into chamber 22. With detent 1I engaged, as shown in Fig. 4, it is not possible for sleeve member 23 to move with respect to shaft I6, but

if an external force, such as that due to the pressure of air against a Windshield wiper blade the windshield wiper blade creeps from its locked position. In order that the blade may be held motionless, regardless of external air flow, when the motor is not operating, a small amount of fluid under pressure is permitted to flow through the small bore 19 to exert sufficient pressure on vane 20 to overcome the force due to the flow of air against the blade of the wiper.

Whenever detent 1I is permitted to engageY with slot 68, then the last stroke of the motor is always in the same direction, for example, counter-clockwise, and thus, the wiper blade comes to a stop on one side, for example, ,the right side of the Windshield. If it is desired to have the blade stop on the left side of the windshield, spring 14 carrying detent 1I is removed y from pin 89 and placed upon pin 90. Detent 'H then extends into a hole ll formed in flange member 83, and then, when the motor is stopped, detent 'H will engage recess 6l as it passes under hole 1l. With a suitable gear ratio in the gear box (not shown) of the windshield wiper, the windshield wiper blade will then come to rest at the left side of the windshield.

While only one embodiment of the present invention has been shown in the drawing, it is to be understood that various changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. For this reason, it is intended not to limit the invention by the description herein given as an example, but solely by the scope of the appended claims.

We claim:

1. A hydraulic motor of the oscillatory type having a shaft driven by fluid under pressure, a cylindrical chamber coaxially about said shaft, a vane rotatably carried on said shaft and in sealing engagement with the inner surface of said chamber, said chamber having a wall at each end thereof, said shaft carrying one end of each of two oppositely loaded member about said shaft on one end thereof adjacent said chamber, means cooperating with said shaft for dividing said chamber into two cells, two fluid ports, on opposite `sides of said vane in each of said cells, fiuid passageways leading from said ports to said sleeve member, channel members in said sleeve member for selectively directing fluid into oneand out of the other of said ports in each cell, a disc member carried by said shaft, said disc member having serrations formed in its periphery, two cam members having serrations mounted upon the serrations of said disc member, a plate member carried by said sleeveV and' rotatable therewith, means carried on said plate member for anchoring thereto the outer ends of said spiral springs and spring-urged detent means for permitting one of said spiral springs to become loaded upon rotation of said shaft in one direction, said detent means being released by one of said cam members to cause said spring to rotate said sleeve member and reverse the direction of fluid ow through said cells, additional detent means for permitting the other of said spiral springs to become loaded during rotation of said shaft in an opposite direction, said additional detent means being released by the other o-f said cam members to rotate said sleeve to reverse the direction of fluid flow spiral springs, a sleevel 2. A hydraulic motor of the oscillatory type having a shaft driven by fluid under pressure, a cylindrical chamber disposed coaxially about said shaft, a vane rotatably carried by said shaft and in sealing engagement with the inner surface of 4said chamber, said chamber having a wall at each end thereof, said shaft carrying oppositely loaded spring members, a sleeve member on said shaft adjacent said chamber, means cooperating with said shaft for dividing vsaid chamber into a plurality of cells, a uid porton each side of said vane in each of said cells, fluid passageways leading from said ports to said sleeve member, channel members in said sleeve member for selectively directing fluid into one and out of the other of the ports in each of said cells, cam members carried by said shaft, said cam members being adjustable about said shaft, detent means engageable by said cam members at predetermined points in the angular travel of said means, when thus engaged, acting to rotate said sleeve member and reverse the direction of fluid flow through said channels and said ports and thus reverse the direction of rotation of said shaft.

3. A hydraulic motor having a shaft driven by fiuid under pressure, a cylindrical chamber disposed coaxially about said shaft, a vane rotatably carried by said shaft and in sealing engagementl with the inner surface of said chamber, a sleeve member .on said shaft adjacent said chamber, means cooperating with said shaft for dividing said chamber into a plurality of cells, a uid port on each side of said vane in fluid passageways leading from said ports to said sleeve member, channel members in said sleeve member for selectively directing uid into one and out of the other of said ports in each of said cells, energy storagemeans charged by motion of said shaft in one direction to impart motion to said sleeve member and cam means operated Aby said shaft for releasing said sleeve member for such motion, said cam members being adjustable for.

- said chamber, channel members therein for sethrough said cells, the angle of rotation of said lectively connecting said ports for inlet and outlet of fluid underl pressure, a plurality of cams having means whereby the angular interval between each of said cams may be varied, and means operable by each of said cams for impar-ting the energy stored by said spring means to said sleeve for reversing the direction of fluid flow through said chamber, thus reversing the direction of rotation of said shaft.

5. A fluid motor of the oscillatory type comprising a working shaft, a chamber, a vane insaid chamber, said vane being connected to said shaft,

.luid ports within said chamber on opposite sides of said vane, a valve having channel means tuated by said shaft to store energy, and means shaft, said detent each of said'cells,

engageable by said cam members at predetermined points in the rotation of said shaft to 1mpart the energy stored in said spring means to said valve, to reverse the direction of rotation of said shaft, said cam members being adjustable to control the amount of angular motion of said shaft.

6. A uid motor of the oscillatory typecomprising a cylindrical chamber, a shaft passing centrally therethrough, a vane connected to said shaft and extending radially across said chamber in sealing engagement with the interior wall thereof, ports opening into said chamber on opposite sides of said vane, valve means exteriorly of, but adjacent said chamber and in communi- 

